镍基单晶高温合金的研发进展

镍基单晶高温合金的研发进展Recent Progress in Research and Development of Nickel-Based Single Crystal Superalloys

本文概述了近年来镍基单晶高温合金的研发进展。在合金研制方面，总结了单晶合金近几年的发展及其成分设计方法。针对单晶合金常见的变形和损伤、失效机制，分别介绍了单晶合金蠕变、疲劳、氧化及热腐蚀机理，以及单晶合金中常见缺陷对力学性能的影响。在单晶叶片制造工艺方面，总结了高速凝固、气冷、液态金属冷却、以及流态床冷却等几种常见定向凝固工艺的研发和应用现状，并介绍了单晶叶片中几种常见缺陷的形成机制和相关控制技术。此外，本文还讨论了单晶高温合金及单晶叶片在应用基础研究领域面临的困难和挑战。

Single crystal superalloy is the key material used in the hot section of aeroengines and industry gas turbines. The research, development and application of these alloys is generally a mirror of the industry base of a country. The recent progress in research and development of single crystal superalloys is briefly reviewed in the present paper. Some new ideas in alloy development and the design methods are summarized. The deformation behaviors, damage and failure mechanisms of single crystal superalloys during creep, fatigue, oxidation and hot corrosion have been overviewed. The role of typical defects such as low angle grain boundary, recrystallization and micro-porosity is also discussed. The recent progress in the directional solidification processes and typical parameters of high rate solidification, gas cooling casting, liquid metal cooling and fluidized bed cooling are introduced. Fundamental correlations of processing parameters to defect formation and microstructure evolution during manufacture of single crystal blade is discussed. Additionally, the future opportunities and challenges are also explored.

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